Oppositional defiant disorder (ODD) is one of a group of behavioral disorders called disruptive behavior disorders (DBD). It most commonly encountered clinical disorders in children and adolescents. These disorders are called this because children who have these disorders tend to disrupt those around them.
In the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders – 4th edition (DSM-IV) and the International Classification of Mental and Behavioral Disorders (ICD-10) oppositional defiant disorder (ODD) is described as a ‘repetitive and persistent pattern of opposition, defiant, disobedient and disruptive behaviours towards authority figures persisting for at least 6 months.
Physicians define ODD as a pattern of disobedient, hostile, and defiant behavior directed toward authority figures. Children and adolescents with ODD often rebel, are stubborn, argue with adults, and refuse to obey.
ODD is more common in children who live in poverty, and before adolescence it is slightly more prevalent in boys, although this difference resolves in adolescence.
ODD is frequently comorbid with other psychiatric conditions and often precedes the development of conduct disorder (CD), substance abuse, and severely delinquent behavior.
The most common behaviors that children and adolescents with ODD show are:
•Defiance
•Spitefulness
•Negativity
•Hostility and verbal aggression
Developmental factors of ODD include:
•a history of the child having a difficult temperament
•being difficult to soothe as a baby
•having high motor activity, and
•a propensity toward extreme emotional reactions.
Oppositional Defiant Disorder
Depression commonly refers to a relatively transitory, negative mood experienced by human. The terms depression or depressed are used in both the ordinary, non-clinical sense and to refer specifically to pathology, especially when the mood of depression has reached a level of severity and/or duration that warrants a clinical diagnosis.
Wednesday, March 31, 2021
The most popular articles
-
Depression varies from person to person, but there are some common signs and symptoms. It’s important to remember that these symptoms can be...
-
Symptoms of Depression I There is no blood test for depression. The diagnosis is based on the reports of sufferers about how they feel and o...
-
Psychotic depression is a relatively common psychiatric condition that affects up to 20% of patients with major depression. Psychosis in d...
-
It is possible that biological factors cause the development of depression, whereas psychological factors maintain it. Because of the emotio...
-
Hippocrates noted that some people adapt well and some poorly to the summer and that same applies to the winter. Winter depression was ident...